Current Political Situation in United States

 The United States is a federal republic with a robust political system, a strong rule-of-law tradition, and a range of civil liberties. However, in recent years its democratic institutions have suffered erosion.

Political polarization and extremism, partisan pressure on the electoral process, harmful policies on immigration and asylum seekers, and growing gaps in wealth and economic opportunity have contributed to these trends.

Electoral system

The United States operates an electoral system that governs elections for the President and representatives in Congress. The House of Representatives and Senate are elected by state legislatures.

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There are also elections at the state level, where voters choose officials for more than 500,000 positions. These include governors, lieutenant governors, and other state executives.

One common electoral system is territorial plurality representation, where two or more candidates compete for a single seat in a defined territorial unit (districts, ridings, boroughs, etc). In these systems, the candidate with the most votes wins the election. However, such systems do not guarantee proportional representation, since the number of seats a party receives may not correspond closely with the number of votes it gets.

Political parties

Political parties are organized groups of people who have similar beliefs and goals. They can be large organizations that run much of the government or smaller, local groups that have a limited amount of power.

American politics is dominated by two major parties, the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. The parties have tended to adopt essentially centrist policy positions, often with minor differences on important issues such as foreign affairs.

The parties tend to draw a large number of voters from many socioeconomic groups, but they are not necessarily uniform in their views of economic and social policies. They tend to be less ideologically cohesive than the parties in other democracies.

Campaigning

Campaigning is a series of activities that are designed to influence the policies of public or private bodies. These can include governments, institutions, companies or individuals.

Often it is done in conjunction with other forms of lobbying, such as advertising. The aim is to show that a large group of people are concerned about an issue and want it changed.

Political parties have large teams that work on their campaigns. They can spend a lot of money on adverts and other media.

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You might see adverts from political parties on the TV, radio or in newspapers. They also use social media like Facebook and Twitter to reach a wide range of people quickly.

Money in politics

For decades, reformers, politicians and academics have argued that a nefarious influence permeates American politics: money. It damages trust in government, suppresses voter turnout, puts corporate interests first and results in corruption—so goes the common narrative.

One of the most pernicious ways money affects our political system is through soft money, contributions from interest groups outside the restrictions on campaign donations that are allowed under federal laws. These unregulated contributions are used by parties for party building and issue advocacy.

These donations are often financed by corporations or wealthy individuals and can be secretly poured into campaigns. They are also used by well-connected lobbyists to secure legislation that benefits particular groups at the expense of others.

Elections

In the United States, elections for various offices at federal, state and local levels are regulated by laws passed by legislatures. At the federal level, elections are held for president and Congress in even-numbered years on Election Day.

At the state level, governors, lieutenant governors, senators and representatives are elected. Various officials at the local level are also elected, including sheriffs and mayors.

The United States has a unique system of presidential elections that combines the popular vote with the electoral college to elect the president. Each state is allocated as many votes in the Electoral College as it has members of the Senate and House of Representatives.